Living Faithfully: Biblical Principles for Food and Farming in Christian Life

Food and farming are foundational aspects of human existence, intimately tied to our physical sustenance and spiritual well-being. In the Bible, food and agriculture are recurring themes, reflecting God’s design for human flourishing, stewardship of creation, and principles of justice and compassion. As Christians, understanding these principles guides our approach to food production, consumption, and stewardship of the Earth.

Stewardship of Creation

At the heart of biblical teaching on food and farming is the principle of stewardship of creation. In Genesis 1:28, God commands Adam and Eve to “fill the earth and subdue it.” This indicates that humans have a responsibility to care for the Earth, its resources, and all living creatures. The Psalms also speak to this stewardship role, such as Psalm 24:1, “The earth is the Lord’s, and everything in it, the world, and all who live in it.”

This stewardship entails sustainable and responsible practices in agriculture. Sustainable farming methods, such as crop rotation, organic farming, and soil conservation, honor God’s creation by preserving its integrity for future generations. Proverbs 12:10 emphasizes this responsibility: “The righteous care for the needs of their animals, but the kindest acts of the wicked are cruel.”

Caring for the Poor and Needy

Throughout the Bible, God shows a special concern for the poor, widows, orphans, and strangers. This concern extends to food and farming practices. In Leviticus 19:9–10, farmers are instructed not to harvest the edges of their fields or pick up what is dropped, but to leave these for the poor and the foreigner: “When you reap the harvest of your land, do not reap to the very edges of your field or gather the gleanings of your harvest. Do not go over your vineyard a second time or pick up the grapes that have fallen. Leave them for the poor and the foreigner.”

Likewise, in Deuteronomy 24:19–22, farmers are instructed to leave forgotten sheaves in the field for the needy: “When you are harvesting in your field and you overlook a sheaf, do not go back to get it. Leave it for the foreigner, the fatherless and the widow, so that the Lord your God may bless you in all the work of your hands.”

For Christians, these verses underscore the importance of generosity and compassion in food production. It’s not just about maximizing profits or yields; it’s about sharing God’s blessings with those in need.

Healthy Eating and Self-Control

In the New Testament, the importance of self-control and moderation in eating is emphasized. Gluttony, or overindulgence in food, is condemned. Proverbs 23:20–21 warns against overeating and drunkenness: “Do not join those who drink too much wine or gorge themselves on meat, for drunkards and gluttons become poor, and drowsiness clothes them in rags.”

Similarly, 1 Corinthians 6:12 teaches about self-control: “I have the right to do anything,” you say—but not everything is beneficial. “I have the right to do anything, but I will not be mastered by anything.

Christians are encouraged to eat in a way that honors God by caring for their bodies, which are temples of the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 6:19–20). This includes choosing foods that nourish and sustain health.

Environmental Responsibility

In addition to stewardship of creation, Christians are called to be responsible stewards of the environment. The Bible teaches that the Earth is a gift from God and that we are accountable for how we use its resources.

In Revelation 11:18, it is said that God will “destroy those who destroy the earth.” This verse underscores the seriousness of environmental degradation and the importance of sustainable practices in agriculture.

Pope Francis, in his encyclical “Laudato Si’,” emphasizes the interconnectedness of environmental, social, and economic issues. He calls for an integral ecology that recognizes the intrinsic value of every creature and promotes the well-being of both people and the planet.

Fair Trade and Just Wages

Fair trade principles align with biblical teachings on justice and compassion. In Leviticus 19:13, God commands, “Do not defraud or rob your neighbor. Do not hold back the wages of a hired worker overnight.” This verse emphasizes the importance of fair compensation for labor.

Fair trade ensures that farmers receive a fair price for their products, allowing them to earn a living wage and support their families. It also promotes sustainable farming practices and community development in economically disadvantaged regions.

Supporting fair trade is a way for Christians to live out their faith by advocating for justice and equity in the global food system.

Conclusion

In summary, food and farming are integral to the Christian life, reflecting principles of stewardship, compassion, justice, and self-control. As Christians, we are called to honor God through our agricultural practices, caring for the earth and its inhabitants with generosity and responsibility.

By embracing sustainable farming methods, supporting fair trade, and practicing healthy eating habits, we can live out our faith in tangible ways, contributing to the well-being of both people and the planet. As we navigate the complex issues surrounding food and farming, may we always seek to honor God and love our neighbors as ourselves.